Correlations

The World's History, 2nd Edition (Combined Volume) ©2001

Howard Spodek

Correlated with AP* World History, January 2000

ST = Student textbook pages

Foundations

Major Developments

1. Basic features of world geography (continents, oceans, key political units prior to 1000) and definitions
   • Location of continents
     ST: 9, 26, 27, 41, 45, 96
   • Location of oceans, seas, and major rivers
     ST: 9, 26, 27, 40, 41, 45, 51, 89, 96, 113, 115, 123, 126, 128, 130, 142, 151, 161
   • Location of key political units prior to 1000 (Roman Empire at its height, Abbasid caliphate, Sudanic kingdoms of Ghana and Mali, Delhi sultanate, Chinese Empire [Han and Tang dynasties], Byzantine empire, Mayan civilization)
     ST: 161, 191, 208, 209, 218, 341, 370, 378
   • Demography
     ST: 209, 406, 678
   • Agricultural, pastoral, and foraging societies
     ST: 25, 34–35, 38–40, 41, 45, 95, 102, 372, 430–431, 525, 629
   
   
2. Crisis of late Antiquity (third to seventh centuries):
   • Movements of peoples (Huns, Germans, Arabs)
     ST: 186–188, 341, 344–349
   • Collapse of empires (Han China, loss of European portion of the Roman Empire)
     ST: 181, 185–191, 214–215
   • Emergence of new empires (Tang China, Arab caliphates, Byzantine Empire, early European and Japanese feudal systems)
     ST: 63, 189, 190, 191–193, 202, 205, 217–222, 322–323, 325, 339–343 394–396
   
   
3. Key cultural, social and economic systems
   • Basic features of major world belief systems prior to 1000 and where each belief system applied by 1000
   • Buddhism
     ST: 256, 257, 258, 260, 277, 278, 283, 291
   • Christianity
     ST: 256, 257, 260, 291, 326, 308–331
   • Confucianism
     ST: 204, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 217, 220, 227, 228, 256, 260, 282, 419, 581, 679
   • Daoism
     ST: 196, 197, 204, 207, 214, 217, 220, 282, 283
   • Hinduism
     ST: 233, 234, 238, 245, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261–273
   • Islam
     ST: 192, 256, 260, 291, 325, 326, 327, 332–339, 341, 346, 366–367, 415, 446, 549, 633, 726–727
   • Judaism
     ST: 293–308
   • Polytheism
     ST: 183–184
   • Major developments in the arts and sciences
     ST: 30–31, 44, 49–52, 54–55, 65, 66–67, 68, 69, 73–75, 77, 111–112, 132–133, 134–135, 138–140, 143, 144–146, 216, 218–219, 239–240, 242–243, 288–289, 324–325, 334, 340, 356–359
   • Basic characteristics of social structures as they developed by 1000
     ST: 49, 57–59, 87, 122, 123, 124, 173, 175, 202, 214–215, 229
   • The caste system
     ST: 85–86, 239, 246, 263–264, 273, 279, 280, 346, 694, 699
   • The nature and location of major slave systems
     ST: 56, 58, 100, 149, 174, 177, 184, 343, 382, 406–407, 413, 420, 424, 426, 444, 456, 463–470
   • Confucian social hierarchy
     ST: 205, 207
   • Patriarchal family structures and trends
     ST: I–9, 56–59, 173–174
   • Basic characteristics of economic structures including technological patterns
     ST: 29–31, 40–41, 83, 178–182, 200, 210–211, 213, 238–239, 356
   
   
4. Principal international connections that had developed between 700 and 1000
   • Missionary outreach (Muslim, Christian, and Buddhist)
     ST: 217, 273, 281–282, 283, 285–287, 290, 321–322, 328, 344–348, 359–360
   • Leading international trading patterns (Muslim, Chinese, East European, trans-Saharan)
     ST: 50–51, 90, 112, 115, 179, 180, 210–211, 218, 272, 358, 372–408
   • The role of nomadic groups in Central Asia
     ST: 26–27, 95, 348–349
   • The heritage of Bantu migrations in Africa
     ST: 112, 113
   
   
5. Diverse interpretations
   • What are the issues involved in using "civilization" as an organizing principle in world history?
     ST: 77–85, 100–105, 110
   • What is the most common source of change: connection or diffusion vs. independent invention?
     ST: I–15, 21, 112–113, 215–216, 231, 249, 271–273, 356, 370–371

1000–1450

Major Developments

1. Questions of periodization
   • Nature and causes of change in the world history framework leading up to 1000–1450 as a period
     ST: 330–331
   • Continuities and breaks within the period (e.g., the impact of the Mongols)
     ST: 348–349, 355, 373, 383–385, 393, 432, 451, 452
   
   
2. Interregional networks
   • Developments and shifts in an interregional network of trade, technology, cultural exchange, and communication
     ST: 372–394
   
   
3. Nature of philosophy and knowledge
   ST: 333, 354–356, 363
   
   
4. China's internal and external expansion
   • The importance of the Song economic revolution
     ST: 197, 222, 224
   • Chinese influence on Japan and its limits
     ST: 225–227
   
   
5. The Islamic world
   • The role of Islam as a unifying cultural force in Eurasia and Africa; Islamic impact on the Sudanic kingdoms and East Africa
     ST: 344–348
   • The impact of migrations and religious reform movements in expanding Islamic society
     ST: 341–342
   • The impact of Islam on the arts and sciences
     ST: 350–359
   
   
6. Changes in Christianity
   • Restructuring of European society, including the growth of strong central Monarchies in the west
     ST: 327–330
   • Role of Arab thought in the twelfth-century "Renaissance" in the west
     ST: 354–356
   • The division of Christendom into Eastern and Western Christian cultures
     ST: 322–323
   
   
7. Non-Islamic Africa
   • Great Zimbabwe
     ST: 379–382
   
   
8. Demographic and environmental changes
   • Impact of the nomadic migrations on Afro-Eurasia (Mongols, Turks, and Arabs)
     ST: 348–349
   • Migration of agricultural peoples (e.g., European peoples to east/central Europe)
     ST: 444–477
   • Consequences of plague pandemics in the fourteenth century
     ST: 374, 389–390, 405–406, 474, 475
   
   
9. Amerindan civilizations
   • Toltec and Mayan
     ST: 94, 95, 96, 100, 103–105, 373, 376, 379
   • Aztec
     ST: I–13, 94, 100, 105, 374, 376–377, 456
   • Inca
     ST: 51, 94, 105, 107, 110, 111–112, 373, 374, 379, 412, 456
   
   
10. Diverse interpretations
    • What are the issues involved in using cultural areas rather than states as units of analysis?
      ST: 132–134, 327–330, 376–379, 379–381, 382
    • What are the sources of change: nomadic migrations vs. urban growth?
      ST: 25, 26–28, 36–37, 39, 41, 44, 62, 65, 68–71, 86, 89, 95, 105–107, 110–111, 112, 113–115, 116, 123, 124, 210, 231, 232, 442–443
    • Was there a world economic network in this period and how does it compare with the world economic system that emerges in the next period?
      ST: 372–408, 409–441

Major Comparisons and Snapshots

• Japanese and European feudalism
  ST: 202, 205, 394–396
• Western Europe or one of the major European monarchies and one of the African Empires
  ST: 112–113, 327–330, 347–348
• Contrast the economic, social, cultural, and political role of cities such as Guangzhou (Canton), Samarkind, Timbuktu, Cairo, and Venice
  ST: 112, 115, 333, 348, 349, 350, 356, 359, 373, 380, 381, 382, 384, 385, 388, 398, 399, 401, 409, 438, 446, 447
• Gender systems and changes
  ST: 184, 304, 315–316, 320, 334–335, 338–339, 360, 400

Examples of the types of information students are expected to know contrasted with examples of those things students are not expected to know:

• Mamluks but not Almohads
  ST: 334, 348–349, 355, 373, 383–385, 393, 432, 451, 452
• Feudalism but not specific feudal monarchies such as Richard I
  ST: 394–396
• Crusading movement and its impact but not specific crusades
  ST: 360–363
• Viking exploration, expansion, and impact but not individual explorers
  ST: 295, 322, 328
• Manoralism but not the three-field system
  ST: 395–396
• Mongol expansion but not details of specific khanates
  ST: 334, 348–349, 355, 373, 383–385, 393, 432, 451, 452
• Papacy but not particular popes
  ST: 328
• Indian Ocean traders but not Gujarti merchants
  ST: 382, 422

1450–1750

Major Developments

1. Questions of periodization
   • Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the earlier period and within this period
     ST: 409
   
   
2. Change in global interactions, trade, and technology
   ST: 412–441
   
   
3. Knowledge of major empires and other political units and social systems
   • Aztec, Ottoman, Inca, Ming, Qing, Portugal, Spain, Russia, France, England, Mongol, Tokugawa, Mughal, characteristics of African empires in general but knowing one (Kongo, Benin, or Songhay) as illustrative
     ST: 112, 115, 373, 410–415, 419–420, 423–426, 432–434, 434–439, 445–447, 453, 456, 468
   • Territorial and commercial aspects of the above
     ST: 112, 115, 373, 410–415, 419–420, 423–426, 432–434, 434–439, 445–447, 453, 456, 468
   • Gender and empire (gender systems at the elite level, status markers, alliances, women and households in politics)
     ST: 497–498
   • Slave systems and slave trade
     ST: 420, 463–470, 497–498
   
   
4. Demographic and environmental changes: Diseases, animals, and new crops and comparative population trends
   ST: 389–390
   
   
5. Cultural and intellectual developments
   • Scientific Revolution
     ST: 489–491
   • The Enlightenment
     ST: 484–489
   • Comparative global causes and impacts of cultural change
     ST: 410, 427, 430–432, 453–456, 456–463
   • Neoconfucianism
     ST: 419, 436–438, 453
   • Major developments and exchanges in the arts (e.g., Mughal)
     ST: 434–436, 448–451
   
   
6. Diverse interpretations
   • What are the debates about the timing and extent of European predominance in the world economy?
     ST: 410, 419, 426, 439–440

Major Comparisons and Snapshots

• Imperial systems: European monarchy compared to a land-based Asian empire
  ST: 423–426, 426–427
• Comparative knowledge of empire (i.e., general empire building in Asia, Africa, and Europe)
  ST: 373, 411–414, 419–421, 434–436, 468
• Compare Russia's interaction with the West with the interaction of one of the following (Ottoman Empire, China, Tokugawa Japan, Mughal India) with the west
  ST: 432–434, 434–439

Examples of the types of information students are expected to know contrasted with examples of those things students are not expected to know:

• Neoconfucianism but not specific Neoconfucianists
  ST: 419
• Importance of European exploration but not individual explorers
  ST: 374, 405, 406–407, 421, 470
• Characteristics of European absolutism but not specific rulers
  ST: 423–426
• Reformation but not Anabaptism or Huguenots
  ST: 416–417
• Ottoman conquest of Constantinople but not Safavid Empire
  ST: 434–436
• Siege of Vienna (1688–89) but not the Thirty Years' War
  ST: 446–447
• Slave plantation systems but not Jamaica's specific slave system
  ST: 466–467
• Institution of the harem but not Hurrem Sultan
  ST: 334–335, 338–339, 360

1750–1914

Major Developments

1. Questions of periodization
   • Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period
     ST: 476–477
   
   
2. Changes in global commerce, communications, and technology
   • Changes in patterns of world trade
     ST: 426, 529–530
   • Industrial Revolution (transformative effects on and differential timing in different societies; mutual relation of industrial and scientific developments; commonalities)
     ST: 432, 456, 476–477, 418, 517–524
   
   
3. Demographic and environmental changes (migrations, end of the Atlantic slave trade, new birthrate patterns; food supply)
   ST: 507–509, 629
   
   
4. Changes in social and gender structure (Industrial Revolution; commercial and demographic developments; emancipation of serfs/slaves and ideas about gender)
   ST: 530–532, 565–575, 588–589
   
   
5. Political revolutions and independence movements; new political ideas
   • Latin American independence movements
     ST: 510
   • Revolutions (United States, France, Haiti, Mexico, China)
     ST: 426, 479, 480, 491–495, 496–498, 500, 501, 506–507, 508, 515, 565, 566–567, 627, 777, 780–781
   • Rise of nationalism, nation-states, and movements of political reform
     ST: 575–581
   • Overlaps between nations and empires
     ST: 503–506, 537–541
   • Rise of democracy and its limitations: reform; women; racism
     ST: 140, 143, 144, 146–149, 151, 494–495
   
   
6. Rise of Western dominance (economic, political, social, cultural; patterns of expansion; imperialism and colonialism) and differential reactions (reform; resistance; rebellion; racism)
   ST: 494–495, 509–514, 532–537, 537–555, 581–582
   
   
7. Diverse interpretations:
   • What are the debates over the utility of modernization theory as a framework for interpreting events in this period and the next?
     ST: 410, 419
   • What are the debates about the causes of serf and slave emancipations in this Period and how do these debates fit into broader comparisons of labor systems?
     ST: 507–509
   • What are the debates over the nature of women's roles in this period and how do these debates apply to industrialized areas and how do they apply in colonial societies?
     ST: 565–569

Major Comparisons and Snapshots

• Compare the causes and early phases of the industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan
  ST: 432, 456, 476–477, 518, 517–524, 557, 585–586, 661–662, 663
• Comparative revolutions (Compare two of the following: Haitian, American, French, Mexican, and Chinese)
  ST: 426, 479, 480, 491–495, 496–498, 500, 501, 506–507, 508, 515, 565, 566–567, 627, 777, 780–781
• Compare reaction to foreign domination in: the Ottoman Empire, China, India, and Japan
  ST: 541–557
• Comparative nationalism
  ST: 577–580, 581, 602
• Compare forms of western intervention in Latin America and Africa
  ST: 509–514, 550, 552–554
• Compare the roles and condition of women in the upper/middle classes to peasantry/working class in western Europe
  ST: 565–569

Examples of the types of information students are expected to know contrasted with examples of those things students are not expected to know:

• Women's emancipation movements but not specific suffragists
  ST: 565–569
• The French Revolution of 1789 but not the Revolution of 1830
  ST: 426, 479, 480, 495, 496–498, 499, 500, 501, 515, 565–567
• Meiji Restoration but not Iranian Constitutional Revolution
  ST: 583–585
• Jacobins but not Robespierre
  ST: 499, 506
• Boxer Rebellion but not Crimean War
  ST: 547, 548–549, 561
• Suez Canal but not the Erie Canal
  ST: 528, 549, 551, 627, 720, 721
• Muhammad Ali but not Isma'il
  ST: 257, 335–336
• Social Darwinism but not Herbert Spencer
  ST: 541, 588

1914–Present

Major Developments

1. Questions of periodization
   • Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period
     ST: 591–592
   
   
2. The World Wars, the Cold War, nuclear weaponry, international organizations, and their impact on the global framework (globalization of diplomacy and conflict; global balance of power; reduction of European influence; the League of Nation, the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Nations, etc.)
   ST: 602–604, 605–606, 608–614, 621–627, 627–630, 663–666
   
   
3. New patterns of nationalism, especially outside of the West (the interwar years; decolonization; racism, the Holocaust, genocide; new nationalisms, including the breakup of the Soviet Union)
   ST: 602–603, 612–613, 637–638, 736
   
   
4. Impact of major global economic developments (the Great Depression; technology; Pacific Rim; multinational corporations)
   ST: 594–602, 606–607, 611–612, 635–638, 670–671
   
   
5. New forces of revolution and other sources of political innovations
   ST: 630–634, 636–638, 727–728
   
   
6. Social reform and social revolution (changing gender roles; family structures; rise of feminism; peasant protest; international Marxism)
   ST: 531, 534–535, 554, 574, 565–575, 597–599, 672–673
   
   
7. Internationalization of culture and reactions
   • Developments in global and regional cultures
     ST: 614–621, 767–771
   • Interactions between elite and popular culture and art
     ST: 616, 618–619, 652–653, 767–771
   • Global cultural forces and patterns of resistance (consumer culture; religious responses)
     ST: 655, 802–803
   
   
8. Demographic and environmental changes (migrations; changes in birthrates and death rates; new forms of urbanization; deforestation; green/environmental movements)
   ST: 557–565, 595–597, 599–600, 627–630, 669, 799–801
   
   
9. Diverse interpretations
   • Is cultural convergence or diversity the best model for understanding increased intercultural contact in the twentieth century?
     ST: 621, 634–636, 636–639, 767–771
   • What are the advantages and disadvantages of using units of analysis in the twentieth century such as the nation, the world, the West, and the Third World?
     ST: 626, 630–634, 713

Major Comparisons and Snapshots

• Patterns and results of decolonization in Africa and India
  ST: 625–626, 693–711, 741–772
• Pick two revolutions (Russian, Chinese, Cuban, Iranian) and compare their effects on the roles of women
  ST: 649–650, 680–681, 684–686, 727–728
• Compare the effects of the world wars on areas outside of Europe
  ST: 605–608, 666–668
• Compare legacies of colonialism and patterns of economic development in two of three areas (Africa, Asia and Latin America)
  ST: 625–627, 659–675, 693–711, 713–726, 741–772, 774–804
• The notion of "the West" and "the East" in the context of Cold War ideology
  ST: 622–625, 651
• Compare nationalist ideologies and movements in contrasting European and colonial environments
  ST: 602–603, 612–613, 637–638, 717–720, 736
• Compare the different types of independence struggles
  ST: 678–684, 693–711
• Compare the impacts of Western consumer society on two civilizations outside of Europe
  ST: 660, 667

Examples of the types of information students are expected to know contrasted with examples of those things students are not expected to know:

• Causes of the World Wars but not battles in the wars
  ST: 602–603, 608–609
• Cultural and political transformations resulting from the wars but not French political and cultural history
  ST: 605, 612, 614–621, 735
• Fascism but not Mussolini's internal policies
  ST: 609
• Feminism and gender relations but not Simone de Beauvoir or Huda Shaarawi
  ST: 598–599
• The growth of international organizations, but not the history of ILO
  ST: 606, 621–622, 633
• Colonial independence movements but not the details of a particular struggle
  ST: 625–626, 627–631, 693–712, 733–736, 741–754, 758–771
• The issue of genocide but not Cambodia, Rwanda, or Kosovo
  ST: 613, 632, 693, 744, 753–754, 760, 764, 772
• The internationalization of popular culture but not the Beatles
  ST: 655, 802–803
• Artistic Modernism but not Dada
  ST: 618, 782–783