Correlations
Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future, 9th Edition ©2005
Richard T. Wright and Bernard J. Nebel
Correlated to: National Advanced Placement* (AP*) Environmental Science Topic Outline (Grades 9–12)
SE = Student Edition
I. Interdependence of Earth's Systems: Fundamental Principles and Concepts
| A. The Flow of Energy |
| 1. Forms and quality of energy |
SE: 59–63, 63–71 |
| 2. Energy units and measurement |
SE: 62–63 |
| 3. Sources and sinks, conversions |
SE: 60, 325–326, 395–396 |
| B. The Cycling of Matter |
| 1. Water |
SE: 180–187 |
| 2. Carbon |
SE: 72 |
| 3. Major nutrients |
|
| —a. Nitrogen |
SE: 74–76 |
| —b. Phosphorous |
SE: 73–74 |
| 4. Differences between cycling of major and trace elements |
SE: 476–477 |
| C. The Solid Earth |
| 1. Earth history and the geologic time scale |
|
| 2. Earth dynamics: plate tectonics, volcanism, the rock cycle, soil formation |
SE: 414, 547–548 |
| D. The Atmosphere |
| 1. Atmospheric history: origin, evolution, composition, and structure |
SE: 541–543, 543–546 |
| 2. Atmospheric dynamics: weather, climate |
SE: 543–551 |
| E. The Biosphere |
| 1. Organisms: adaptations to their environment |
SE: 101, 94 – 104 |
| 2. Populations and communities: exponential growth, carrying capacity |
SE: 87–89, 90–95 |
| 3. Ecosystems and change: biomass, energy transfer, succession |
SE: 36–39, 106–109, 389–390 |
| 4. Evolution of life: natural selection, extinction |
SE: 94, 99–104 |
II. Human Population Dynamics
| A. History and Global Distribution |
| 1. Numbers |
SE: 138–142, 142–147 |
| 2. Demographics, such as birth and death rates |
SE: 144–145 |
| 3. Patterns of resource utilizatio |
SE: 613–614 |
| B. Carrying Capacity—Local, Regional, and Global |
SE: 142, 143 |
| C. Cultural and Economic Influences |
SE: 152–156, 165–172 |
III. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources: Distribution, Ownership, Use, Degradation
| A. Water |
| 1. Fresh: agricultural, industrial, domestic |
SE: 187–191, 198–199 |
| 2. Oceans: fisheries, industrial |
SE: 304–308 |
| B. Minerals |
SE: 57, 60, 212 |
| C. Soils |
| 1. Soil types |
SE: 209–212 |
| 2. Erosion and conservation |
SE: 218–224, 226–229 |
| D. Biological |
| 1. Natural areas |
SE: 78–80, 291–292, 292–299, 313–314, 526–527 |
| 2. Genetic diversity |
SE: 6–7, 99–101 |
| 3. Food and other agricultural products |
SE: 234–236, 247, 248–250, 251 |
| E. Energy |
| 1. Conventional sources |
SE: 396–400 |
| 2. Alternative sources |
SE: 343–345, 397 |
| F. Land |
| 1. Residential and commercial |
SE: 223–224, 227, 228–229, 313–314 |
| 2. Agricultural and forestry |
SE: 132–133, 207–209, 220–224, 234–238, 303–304 |
| 3. Recreational and wilderness |
SE: 80, 312–315 |
IV. Environmental Quality
| A. Air/Water/Soil |
| 1. Major pollutants |
|
| —a. Types, such as SO2, NOx, and pesticides |
SE: 438–446, 574–575 |
| —b. Thermal pollution |
SE: 575, 577 |
| —c. Measurement and units of measure such as ppm, pH, µg/L |
SE: 582–583 |
| —d. Point and nonpoint sources (domestic, industrial, agricultural) |
SE: 575–576 |
| 2. Effects of pollutants on: |
|
| —a. aquatic systems |
SE: 188–189, 464–466 |
| —b. vegetation |
SE: 220–221, 225, 226–229, 520 |
| —c. natural features, buildings, and structures |
SE: 585 |
| —d. wildlife |
SE: 514–515, 519–520 |
| 3. Pollution reduction, remediation, and control |
SE: 525–529, 529–534 |
| B. Solid Waste |
| 1. Types, sources, and amounts |
SE: 491–492 |
| 2. Current disposal methods and their limitations |
SE: 492–495, 497–498 |
| 3. Alternative practices in solid waste management |
SE: 498–505, 505–509 |
| C. Impact on Human Health |
| 1. Agents: chemical and biological |
SE: 468–469 |
| 2. Effects: acute and chronic, dose-response relationships |
SE: 425–429, 514–515 |
| 3. Relative risks: evaluation and response |
SE: 425–431 |
V. Global Changes and Their Consequences
| A. First-order Effects (changes) |
| 1. Atmosphere: CO2, CH4, stratoshperic O3 |
SE: 564–570 |
| 2. Oceans: surface temperatures, currents |
SE: 310–311, 539–540 |
| 3. Biota: habitat destruction, introduced exotics, over harvesting |
SE: 29, 32, 296, 301 |
| B. Higher-order Interactions (consequences) |
| 1. Atmosphere: global warming, increasing ultraviolet radiation |
SE: 546–548, 551–559 |
| 2. Oceans: increasing sea level, long-term climate change, impact on El Niño |
SE: 539–540, 546–548 |
| 3. Biota: loss of biodiversity |
SE: 29, 32, 296, 301 |
VI. Environment and Society: Trade-offs and Decision Making
| A. Economic Forces |
| 1. Cost-benefit analysis |
SE: 607–608, 624–628 |
| 2. Marginal costs |
SE: 608–612, 620–624 |
| 3. Ownership and externalized costs |
SE: 624 |
| B. Cultural and Aesthetic Considerations |
SE: 410–411, 419–421 |
| C. Environmental Ethics |
SE: 11, 266–269, 408–409, 435–461, 528–531 |
| D. Environmental Laws and Regulations (international, national, and regional) |
SE: 425–431, 514, 529–532, 616, 656–659 |
| E. Issues and options (conservation, preservation, restoration, remediation, sustainability, mitigation) |
SE: 529–532, 624–626, 628 |
